Official Question UPSC 2026
Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below:
Solution & Analysis
Answer: D
To understand the conservation of coastal ecology, we must separate biological facts from anthropogenic exploitation:
•Statement 1 is Incorrect: Mangroves do not "store freshwater." More importantly, clearing complex mangrove forests to create flat agricultural land (like paddy fields) is an ecological disaster. It represents the destruction of the ecosystem, not a rationale for its protection.
•Statement 2 is Incorrect: Mangroves are the exact opposite of salt-sensitive; they are halophytes (highly salt-tolerant plants). Furthermore, aggressively clearing wild mangroves to construct commercial shrimp and freshwater aquaculture zones is the leading driver of mangrove deforestation in Asia.
•Statement 3 is Correct: This describes true climate resilience. Mangroves possess dense, complex root systems (prop roots, pneumatophores) that trap sediment and drastically dissipate the kinetic energy of ocean waves. They act as indispensable natural bio-shields protecting coastlines from cyclones and storm surges, while sustainably supporting local livelihoods (e.g., wild fisheries, honey gathering).
Conclusion: Only statement 3 provides a scientifically valid rationale for ecological conservation.