Option d is the correct answer. Kalidasa was a poet and playwright who lived during the ruling period of Chandragupta-II, the third emperor of the Gupta dynasty. Chandragupta-II ruled from 380 CE to 415 CE and was also known as Vikramaditya, meaning "the sun of valour". Kalidasa is regarded as the greatest literary figure of India and one of the classics of world literature. He wrote several works of Sanskrit literature that are considered as masterpieces of poetry, drama, and romance. Some of his famous works are Abhijnanashakuntala (The Recognition of Shakuntala), Raghuvamsha (The Dynasty of Raghu), Meghaduta (The Cloud Messenger), and Kumarasambhava (The Birth of Kumara). He also wrote works on grammar, rhetoric, and astronomy. He is known for his elegant style, rich imagery, lyrical beauty, and profound insight into human emotions and nature. Important Tips Important works of Kalidasa: The masterpiece of Kalidas was the Sanskrit drama Abhijnanashakuntala (The Recognition of Shakuntala), which dramatizes the story of Shakuntala, a beautiful nymph who marries King Dushyanta and is later separated from him by a curse. He wrote two other plays: Malavikagnimitra (Malavika and Agnimitra), a comedy about the love affair between King Agnimitra and a maid named Malavika. Vikramorvasiya (Urvashi Won by Valour), a romantic tragedy about the love between King Pururavas and a celestial nymph named Urvashi. His two well-known epics are Raghuvamsa (Dynasty of Raghu) and Kumarasambhava (Birth of Kumara). The former narrates the history of the solar dynasty of kings from Raghu to Agnivarna, highlighting the deeds of Rama and his ancestors. The latter describes the marriage of Shiva and Parvati, and the birth of their son Kartikeya, who defeats the demon Taraka. Ritusamhara (The Gathering of Seasons) and Meghaduta (The Cloud Messenger) are his two lyrics. The former is a collection of six poems that celebrate the beauty of nature in different seasons. The latter is a single poem that tells the story of a yaksha (a supernatural being) who sends a message to his beloved through a cloud.