Which of the following Sangam ports were situated on the western coast? Select the correct answer from the code given below: 1. Korkai 2. Puhar 3. Tondi 4. Mushiri ** Code:**

U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 4 and 1 only

Answer: 3 and 4 only

Option c is the correct answer. The Sangam ports that were situated on the western coast were Tondi and Mushiri. Tyndis/Tondi was an ancient Indian seaport/harbor-town mentioned in the Graeco-Roman writings. According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, Tyndis was located north of port Muziris in the country of the Cerobothra (present-day Koyilandy Kerala). Mushiri, also known as Muziris or Muchiri, was a port city in the present-day Ernakulam district of Kerala. It was one of the richest and most prosperous ports in ancient India, and a hub of international trade and cultural exchange. Mushiri had extensive contacts with the Roman Empire, Egypt, Greece, Persia, China, and other regions. Important Tips Korkai: Korkai, also known as Korkkai or Kayal, was a port city in the present-day Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. It was the capital and the main seaport of the Pandya dynasty, one of the three major Tamil kingdoms that ruled over southern India during the Sangam period. Puhar (also known as Poompuhar) is a town in the Mayiladuthurai district in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It was once a flourishing ancient port city known as Kaveri Poompattinam, which is described in Sangam literature like Silappadikaram, Manimekalai, Pattinapalai and Akananuru as the capital of the Early Chola kings in Tamilakam. Puhar is located near the mouth of the Kaveri River, on the seacoast. It is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

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