Option a is the correct answer. A. Chalukyas: The Chalukya dynasty was a royal family that ruled over large parts of southern and central India from the 6th to the 12th century CE. They had different branches and capitals, such as the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi and the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. They were known for their patronage of art, literature, and religion. One of their prominent capitals was Badami in Karnataka, where they built rock-cut caves and temples with intricate carvings and paintings. B. Pallava: The Pallava dynasty was a powerful kingdom that ruled over parts of southern India from the 3rd to the 9th century CE. They were influential in spreading Indian culture and civilization to Southeast Asia. They were also pioneers of Dravidian architecture and sculpture, especially in stone and rock-cut temples. Their capital was Kanchipuram or Kanchi, which is located in Tamil Nadu. Kanchi was a major center of learning, religion, and art. C. Harsha: Harsha was an emperor who ruled over most of northern India from 606 to 647 CE. He was the last great ruler of the classical period of Indian history. He was known for his military conquests, administrative reforms, cultural achievements, and religious tolerance. His capital was Kannauj, which is situated in Uttar Pradesh. Kannauj was a prosperous and cosmopolitan city that attracted many visitors and dignitaries from India and abroad. D. Pandya: The Pandya dynasty was one of the oldest and longest-lasting Tamil dynasties that ruled over the southern tip of India from the 6th century BCE to the 16th century CE. They were known for their maritime trade, naval prowess, and patronage of literature and culture. Their capital was Madurai, which is also located in Tamil Nadu. Madurai was famous for its Meenakshi Temple, which is dedicated to the goddess Parvati and her consort Shiva.