Option d is the correct answer Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, who ruled from 1420 to 1470 and known as the "Akbar of Kashmir" because of his similarities to the Mughal emperor Akbar. Both rulers were tolerant of other religions, they patronized the arts and sciences, and they promoted trade and commerce. They were also both skilled administrators, and they brought peace and prosperity to their respective kingdoms. Important Tips Zain-ul-Abidin: Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin, also known as Bud Shah, was the eighth sultan of the Shah Mir dynasty in Kashmir (r. 1418-1419, 1420-1470). His reign saw remarkable achievements and policies: Rise to Power: Zain-ul-Abidin gained the throne after his brother Ali Shah's failed attempt. He wisely sought support from Sialkot's chief, Jasrat Khokhar, and reclaimed his rule after defeating Ali Shah. Territorial Stabilization: He restored control over Ladakh, Baltistan, and Ohind, areas of strategic importance that had become independent. He recognized the significance of economic and strategic unity. Administrative Reforms: Zain-ul-Abidin established village community responsibility for local crimes, stabilized currency, regulated commodity prices, initiated public works, and alleviated taxes on peasants. Religious Tolerance: Despite being a Muslim ruler, he abolished Jaziya on Hindus, prohibited cow slaughter, and supported Sanskrit literature. He promoted religious harmony, allowing Hindus to build temples and practice their laws. Cultural Contributions: He facilitated translation of Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian, showcasing his multilingual knowledge. He commissioned many beautiful buildings, including the Shah-i-Hamdan Mosque in Srinagar, and the Zaina Kadal bridge in Srinagar. He encouraged the development of several crafts such as gold-heating, polishing and stone-cutting etc. He also fostered the art of shawl-making, musket making and the art of manufacturing fire works.