UP RO/ARO Prelims 2021

Political Consent in Medieval India

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which of the following king/kings was/were elected/chosen directly by the public? 1. Harshavardhan 2. Gopal 3. Yashovarman 4. Nandivarman Pallavamalla

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept While kingship in India was traditionally hereditary, rare instances of popular election or consensus choice occurred during periods of extreme anarchy or the end of a bloodline.

Explanation Gopala (c. 750 CE) was chosen by a group of chieftains to end the lawlessness (*Matsyanyaya*) in Bengal. Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) was chosen through a popular election by the subjects and elders of the Pallava kingdom after a succession crisis.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Option C (2 and 4) is correct. These are the two primary historical examples of quasi-democratic royal selection.
Logic 2: Harshavardhan (1) and Yashovarman (3) ascended their thrones through direct family inheritance and traditional succession.

Active Recall

Question

What was the 'Matsyanyaya' in Bengal?

Answer

It was a state of total anarchy where 'might was right', leading the regional chiefs to choose Gopala to restore order.

Core Insight

The elections of Gopala and Nandivarman show that medieval Indian political theory allowed for public intervention when traditional structures collapsed.