U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007

Hindu Iconography

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following deities is represented in art as hoiding the plough?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept Each deity in Hindu iconography is associated with a specific 'Ayudha' (weapon) or attribute that reflects their mythological deeds or agrarian/cosmic significance.

Explanation Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna, is traditionally called Halayudha (one who has a plough as a weapon). Art from the Kushan and Gupta periods consistently depicts him with a plough (Hala) and a pestle (Musala).

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: According to the Puranas, Balarama used his plough to change the course of the Yamuna River.
Logic 2: In early punch-marked and Indo-Greek coins (like those of Agathocles), he is identified by the plough in his hand.

Active Recall

Question

What is the agrarian significance of Balarama's plough?

Answer

The plough symbolizes agriculture and fertility, positioning Balarama as a deity protecting and promoting the rural economy.

Core Insight

Balarama's depiction with a plough is one of the oldest stable iconographic forms in Indian art, predating many other major deities.