U.P. Lower Sub. Prelims 2015

Early Turkish Invasions

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following was the founder of Ghaznavid dynasty?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: C

Concept The Ghaznavid dynasty was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin. While Alptigin established the principality of Ghazna, it was his successor and former slave, Sebuktigin, who formally founded the dynasty and began the expansion toward the Indian frontier.

Explanation According to Satish Chandra’s *Medieval India*, Sabuktigin (977–997 CE) was the actual founder of the Ghaznavid state. He was a slave who married the daughter of Alptigin and eventually seized control, defeating the Hindu Shahi ruler Jayapala.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Alptigin was a Turkish slave-commander who seized Ghazna, but he functioned more as a regional governor under the Samanids.
Logic 2: Sebuktigin (Option C) established the hereditary line and the sovereign political structure of the Ghaznavids.
Logic 3: Mahmud (Option B), the son of Sebuktigin, was the most famous ruler who achieved full independence and conducted 17 raids into India, but he was a successor, not the founder.

Active Recall

Question

How did the status of the Ghaznavids change under Mahmud?

Answer

Under Mahmud, the dynasty broke all ties with the Samanids and obtained the title of 'Sultan' from the Caliph, signifying total independence.

Core Insight

Sebuktigin’s rise from a slave to a dynastic founder highlights the meritocratic and military nature of early Turkic political systems.