UPSC CSE Pre 2023

Vijayanagara Empire Administration

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Who among the following rulers of Vijayanagara Empire constructed a large dam across Tungabhadra River and a canal-cum-aqueduct several kilometres long from the river to the capital city?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: A

Concept Water management was the backbone of urban survival in the semi-arid Deccan. Devaraya I was a visionary who transformed Vijayanagara from a struggling settlement into a 15th-century global metropolis by solving its chronic water scarcity.

Explanation Around 1410, Devaraya I commissioned a massive barrage across the Tungabhadra River. This project included a 24 km long canal-cum-aqueduct designed to transport water directly into the royal capital for both irrigation and domestic use.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Devaraya I recognized that limited water was choking the city's growth. His engineering projects, like the Tungabhadra dam and the Hiriya canal, provided the hydraulic infrastructure needed for the empire to flourish.
Logic 2: While other rulers like Mallikarjuna or Virupaksha belonged to the same Sangama dynasty, they are not credited with these specific large-scale irrigation feats. Their reigns were often marked by internal instability or defensive wars rather than major civic engineering.

Active Recall

Question

Why was the Tungabhadra river central to the location of Vijayanagara?

Answer

The river provided a natural northern boundary and a perennial water source in a dry landscape, enabling the empire to sustain a massive population and a fortified capital.

Core Insight

Devaraya I's focus on 'hydraulic statecraft' proves that the power of Medieval Indian kings wasn't just in their swords, but in their ability to secure essential resources like water for their subjects.