UPSC CSE Pre 1996

Religious Sects and Schools

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

Which one of the following was a Shaiva sect in ancient India?

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept Shaivism in medieval India was organized into several monastic orders and schools, often enjoying royal patronage and serving as administrative or spiritual centers.

Explanation Three major monastic orders—Amardaka, Mattamayura, and Madhumateya—were pivotal in spreading Shaiva Siddhanta. The Mattamayura order flourished under the Kalachuris of Tripuri.

Logical Breakup
Logic 1: Mattamayura was a Shaiva sect whose masters served as Rajagurus (royal preceptors) and administrators for the Kalachuri state.
Logic 2: Ajivika was a heterodox fatalist sect founded by Makkhaliputta Gosala.
Logic 3: Mayamata and Isanasivagurudeva Paddhati are actually texts related to architecture (Vastu Shastra) and building techniques, not religious sects.

Active Recall

Question

What was the role of the Mattamayura masters in the Kalachuri kingdom?

Answer

They acted as Rajagurus, officiating royal decrees and performing administrative duties alongside their spiritual roles.

Core Insight

Distinguishing between a 'sect' (group of people) and a 'Paddhati' (manual/text) is a common testing point in cultural history.