Ancient Indian Science

Aryabhatta: First to Explain Earth's Rotation

Aryabhatta was the first to explain that the daily rising and setting of the sun is caused by the Earth's rotation on its own axis. He recorded this scientific observation in his 5th-century work, the Aryabhatiya.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part 1

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Who among the following was the first to explain that the rotation of the earth on its own axis accounts for the daily rising and setting of the sun?

[64th BPSC (Pre) 2018]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Ancient Indian astronomy reached a peak of scientific rationalism during the Gupta era, producing theories that predated similar European findings by over a millennium.

Authentic Source Evidence


Aryabhatta was the first to state that the Earth is spherical and rotates on its own axis. He detailed this in his 5th-century treatise, the Aryabhatiya.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: He explained that the apparent movement of the stars and sun is due to the Earth's rotation, much like trees seem to move for someone in a boat.

  • Logic 2: He also calculated the Earth's circumference and correctly identified the causes of lunar and solar eclipses as shadows.

  • Logic 3: While Brahmagupta (C) and Varahamihira (D) were great astronomers, they followed Aryabhatta's pioneering work in these specific rotational concepts.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did Aryabhatta explain the setting and rising of the sun?"

    He explained it as an optical illusion caused by the Earth rotating on its own axis toward the east.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Aryabhatta's ability to distinguish between apparent motion and actual motion marks him as a revolutionary thinker in global scientific history."

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