Hindu Iconography

Balarama and the Plough | Hindu Deity Iconography

Balarama is the deity traditionally represented holding a plough. Known as Halayudha, his iconic weapon symbolizes his connection to both war and agriculture.

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Who among the following deities is represented in art as hoiding the plough?

[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Each deity in Hindu iconography is associated with a specific 'Ayudha' (weapon) or attribute that reflects their mythological deeds or agrarian/cosmic significance.

Authentic Source Evidence


Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna, is traditionally called Halayudha (one who has a plough as a weapon). Art from the Kushan and Gupta periods consistently depicts him with a plough (Hala) and a pestle (Musala).

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: According to the Puranas, Balarama used his plough to change the course of the Yamuna River.

  • Logic 2: In early punch-marked and Indo-Greek coins (like those of Agathocles), he is identified by the plough in his hand.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What is the agrarian significance of Balarama's plough?"

    The plough symbolizes agriculture and fertility, positioning Balarama as a deity protecting and promoting the rural economy.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Balarama's depiction with a plough is one of the oldest stable iconographic forms in Indian art, predating many other major deities."

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