[Solved] Brahmavadini Lopamudra: Female Composers of Vedas

Who among the following was a Brahmavadini who composed some hymns of the Vedas?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 1995, Paper I]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

'Brahmavadinis' were female scholars and philosophers in ancient India who dedicated themselves to the study of the Vedas and composed hymns.

Authentic Source Evidence

Rigvedic hymns are attributed to several women, including Lopamudra (wife of Sage Agastya), Ghosha, and Vishwavara.

Analytical Breakdown

Lopamudra: A recognized composer of Rigvedic hymns.

Gargi: A philosopher in the Upanishadic period (later), known for debating Yajnavalkya.

Leelavati: A character/title in a 12th-century mathematical treatise.

Savitri: A mythological figure representing devotion, not primarily a Vedic composer.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"What does the existence of Brahmavadinis tell us about early Vedic society?"

It indicates that women had access to high education, could perform rituals, and contributed intellectually to the most sacred scriptures of the time.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The high status of women like Lopamudra in the Rigvedic era provides a sharp contrast to the declining status of women in the later Smriti and Puranic periods."

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