Vijayanagara Historiography

Who Discovered Hampi? Colin Mackenzie (1800)

The ruins of the Vijayanagara Empire at Hampi were discovered in 1800 by Colonel Colin Mackenzie. As the first Surveyor General of India, he produced the first systematic maps and records of the site.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII: Themes in Indian History - Part II

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Ruins of Vijayanagara at Hampi were discovered in 1800 by:

[CDS 2014 (II)]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


For centuries after the Battle of Talikota, the 'City of Victory' remained a memory among locals. Its formal rediscovery for modern history began with the surveying efforts of the East India Company.

Authentic Source Evidence



In 1800, Colonel Colin Mackenzie, an engineer and the first Surveyor General of India, 'discovered' the site of Hampi. He created the first official survey map by consulting local priests of the Virupaksha temple to identify the various structures.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Mackenzie’s work was the foundation for all later archaeological study of Vijayanagara.

  • Logic 2: While John Marshall (Option D) is famous for the Indus Valley, it was Mackenzie who focused on the Deccan ruins at the start of the 19th century.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did Mackenzie identify the ruins?"

    He relied on the oral traditions of the local priests and the surviving memories of the local community who still worshipped at the main temples.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The 'discovery' of Hampi was a crucial step in the British effort to map the historical and cultural landscape of the regions they were conquering."

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