Buddhist Institutional Architecture
Chaitya vs Vihara: Buddhist Cave Architecture | UPSC
In Buddhist architecture, a Chaitya is a place of worship containing a stupa, while a Vihara is a monastery where monks reside.
Primary Reference: NCERT Class XI - An Introduction to Indian Art
Archived:
Updated:
Exam Year
2013
Evidence Source
Link ↗Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the two?
[UPSC CSE Pre 2013]
Detailed Solution & Historical Context
Concept
Buddhist rock-cut complexes were designed to serve the spiritual and physical needs of the monk community (Sangha).
Authentic Source Evidence
A 'Chaitya' is a rectangular prayer hall with a vaulted roof and a stupa at the far end, intended for worship and congregation. A 'Vihara' is a residential monastery consisting of a central hall with small cells around it where monks lived and rested.
Analytical Breakdown
Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic
"What is typically found at the center of a Chaitya hall?"
A votive stupa.
Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip
"The development of Chaityas and Viharas reflects the transition of Buddhism into a settled monastic religion."
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