Ancient Social Structure

Duties of Vaishyas according to Dharmashastras

Vaishyas were prescribed both the study of the Vedas and engagement in trade as their primary duties in the Dharmashastras.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class 11 - Ancient India (R.S. Sharma)

Archived:

Updated:

Which of the following are prescribed as the duties of Vaishyas according to the Dharmashastras?
1. Studying the Vedas
2. Engaging in trade
Select the correct answer:

[CAPF 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The Dharmashastras codified the functional duties (Dharma) of the four Varnas to maintain social order.

Authentic Source Evidence


According to Manusmriti, the 'Dvijas' (twice-born: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas) were all entitled and expected to study the Vedas. Additionally, the specific economic duty of Vaishyas was cattle rearing, agriculture, and trade.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Vedic Study (1): Correct. Vaishyas were 'Dvija' and underwent the Upanayana (sacred thread ceremony), allowing them to study scriptures.

  • Trade (2): Correct. Commerce and wealth creation were the primary functional roles assigned to this Varna.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Which Varna was excluded from studying the Vedas?"

    The Shudras were the only Varna within the fourfold system who were traditionally barred from studying the Vedas.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The entitlement of Vaishyas to study the Vedas shows that in the early Dharmashastra period, religious education was broad-based among the three higher classes."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Upanayana 2
    UPSC Question Bank | Verified
    Live Archive Status