Science and Technology in Medieval India

Earliest Magnetic Compass Reference | Jawamiul Hikayat

The earliest reference to the magnetic compass in an Indian context is found in the 13th-century text Jawamiul Hikayat by Muhammad Aufi.

Primary Reference: Standard Educational Reference

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The earliest reference of 'Magnetic Compass' is found in:

[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The introduction of nautical technologies like the magnetic compass facilitated maritime trade and long-distance travel, connecting India more deeply with the global economy.

Authentic Source Evidence


The earliest reference to the magnetic compass is found in Jawami ul-Hikayat, authored by Sadiduddin Muhammad Aufi during the reign of Sultan Iltutmish (13th century).

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Aufi was a Persian-origin chronicler in the court of Delhi.

  • Logic 2: The mention of the compass indicates that navigational technology was known in the Sultanate's intellectual circles long before the arrival of the Portuguese or Dutch.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did the compass reach India according to historical records?"

    It likely reached India through Persian and Arab maritime networks that linked the Mediterranean and Indian Oceans.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The Jawamiul Hikayat serves as a vital bridge in understanding how technological knowledge diffused across the Islamic world into the Indian subcontinent."

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