Post-Mauryan Political History

Fall of Mauryas and Rise of Sunga & Kanva Dynasties

All three statements are correct. Brihadratha (Maurya) was killed by Pushyamitra Sunga, Devabhuti (Sunga) by Vasudeva Kanva, and the Kanvas were deposed by the Andhras.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class 11 - Ancient India (R.S. Sharma)

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Consider the following statements:
1. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga.
2. The last Sunga king, Devabhuti, was assassinated by his Brahmana minister Vasudeva Kanva who usurped the throne.
3. The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed by the Andhras.
Which of these statements is/are correct?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2003, Paper I]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The political fragmentation of North India after the Mauryan collapse led to a series of short-lived dynasties (Sunga, Kanva) before regional powers rose.

Authentic Source Evidence


According to the Puranas and Harshacharita, Brihadratha was killed during a military parade. Later, the Kanva dynasty was indeed ended by the Satavahanas (referred to as Andhras).

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Statement 1 is correct; Pushyamitra Sunga founded the Sunga dynasty in 185 BCE after killing Brihadratha.

  • Logic 2: Statement 2 is correct; Around 73 BCE, Vasudeva Kanva killed the last Sunga ruler, Devabhuti.

  • Logic 3: Statement 3 is correct; The Kanvas were displaced by the Satavahanas (Andhras) around 28 BCE.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Why are the Sunga and Kanva dynasties often associated with a 'Brahmanical revival'?"

    Unlike the Buddhist-patronizing Mauryas, the Sungas and Kanvas were Brahmins who performed Vedic sacrifices like the Ashvamedha.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The transition from Maurya to Sunga signifies a shift in state patronage from heterodox sects back to traditional Vedic rituals."

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