Mughal Agrarian Economy

Agriculture and Peasantry in the Mughal Empire

During Mughal rule, peasant communities were highly diverse and stratified by caste and landholding, making them non-homogeneous. The state successfully promoted high-revenue cash crops and benefited from frequent double-cropping.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII: Themes in Indian History - Part II

Archived:

Updated:

Which of the following statements about Mughal rule is FALSE?

[CDS 2014 (II)]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The Mughal agrarian economy was highly productive but socially complex. The 'peasant' was not a single category but a ladder of diverse economic statuses determined by land size and caste.

Authentic Source Evidence


Peasant communities were NOT homogeneous. They were deeply divided by caste (jati), land ownership (small vs. large holders), and access to capital. However, the period was noted for grain abundance, the cultivation of two crops annually (Kharif and Rabi), and state support for high-revenue crops (Jins-i-Kamil) like cotton and sugarcane.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: The false statement is A. The presence of 'halalkhoran' (low caste laborers) and 'khud-kashta' (resident farmers) proves the extreme social hierarchy among peasants.

  • Logic 2: The state actively promoted cash crops because they provided higher revenue through the Zabt system.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What was the 'Jins-i-Kamil'?"

    These were 'perfect crops' or high-value cash crops like indigo, cotton, and oilseeds that the Mughal state encouraged for higher tax returns.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The diversity of the peasantry was the Mughal state's biggest administrative challenge, leading to the creation of village panchayats to manage internal social disputes."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Zabt System 5

    Analysing authentic CDS (II)previous year questions is non-negotiable for serious aspirants. Thoroughly decoding past exam trends related to Mughal Agrarian Economy helps you understand the examiner's mindset. Mastering specific entities like Mughal Peasantry and Cash Crops builds the analytical intuition needed to clear the exam. Practice Previous Year Questions here →

    UPSC Question Bank | Verified
    Live Archive Status