Philosophical Frameworks of Equity

The second statement is correct. Distributive justice concerns the fair allocation of resources and wealth, combining social and economic justice to ensure everyone gets a 'fair share'. The first statement defines radical 'State Socialism/Communism'. The third statement defines 'Retributive Justice' (criminal punishment). The fourth statement defines 'Equality' in a civic sense.

The Assertion is true; India pursues fairness without seizing all private business. Reason 1 correctly supports this by defining distributive justice as the fair allocation of resources (often achieved via welfare/taxes in a mixed economy). Reason 2 is conceptually false; equating distributive justice with the absolute state seizure of all production is the definition of orthodox Marxism/Communism, not general distributive justice.

The second classification is correct. The first member is focused on the fair allocation of societal resources and wealth (without eliminating private enterprise), which is the exact definition of Distributive Justice. The second member is focused on inflicting punishment proportionate to a crime (tax evasion), which is the definition of Retributive Justice.

All four definitions are conceptually accurate. Distributive justice handles resource allocation; State Socialism handles total ownership of production; Retributive justice handles proportional criminal punishment; and Civic Equality dictates the absence of special privileges.