UPSC CSE Pre 2021

Political Fragmentation of North India

Authentic Past Paper Standard Evaluation

From the decline of Guptas until the rise of Harshavardhana in the early seventh century, which of the following kingdoms were holding power in Northern India? 1. The Guptas of Magadha 2. The Paramaras of Malwa 3. The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar 4. The Maukharis of Kanauj 5. The Yadavas of Devagiri 6. The Maitrakas of Valabhi Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Solution & Analysis

Answer: B

Concept The period between the 6th and 7th centuries saw political fragmentation in North India as the central Gupta authority dissolved into several regional powers.

Explanation Historical texts identify the 'Later Guptas' of Magadha, the Pushyabhutis of Thanesar, the Maukharis of Kanauj, and the Maitrakas of Valabhi as the dominant powers during this transition.

Logical Breakup
The Correct Entities:
Guptas of Magadha (1): A later branch that continued to rule after the main Imperial line.
Pushyabhutis (3): Founded in Thanesar, later led by Harshavardhana.
Maukharis (4): Ruled from Kanauj; were rivals and allies of the Pushyabhutis.
Maitrakas (6): Based in Valabhi (Gujarat), they were former Gupta feudatories.
The Incorrect Entities:
Paramaras (2): Ruled Malwa much later (9th–14th centuries).
Yadavas (5): Ruled in the Deccan/Devagiri between the 12th and 14th centuries.

Active Recall

Question

Which city replaced Pataliputra as the political hub during this era?

Answer

Kanauj emerged as the new political center of North India, largely due to the Maukhari and later Pushyabhuti rule.

Core Insight

The rise of these regional kingdoms signifies the shift from a centralized empire to a decentralized feudal structure in medieval India.