Internal History of the Sangha

Who wanted to lead the Sangha? | Devadatta vs Buddha

Devadatta was the monk who challenged Gautama Buddha's leadership and sought to head the Sangha during the Buddha's own lifetime.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class 11 - Ancient India (R.S. Sharma)

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Who among the following wanted to become the leader of the Sangha even during the lifetime of Buddha?

[U.P.P.C.S. Prelims 1999]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The early Sangha faced internal challenges, most notably from members of the Shakya clan who desired control over the order.

Authentic Source Evidence


Devadatta, the cousin of the Buddha, requested the Buddha to retire and hand over the leadership to him. When refused, he attempted to create a schism by introducing more rigid rules.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Devadatta (A): Known for his persistent rivalry and attempts on the Buddha's life to seize power.

  • Ananda/Upali: Loyal disciples who remained humble attendants or specialists in monastic rules.

  • Mahakassapa: He led the order after the Buddha's death, not during his life.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did Devadatta attempt to split the Sangha?"

    He proposed five more austere rules (like living only in forests and never eating meat) to attract monks who felt the Buddha's middle path was too lenient.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The story of Devadatta illustrates the human tensions and power struggles that existed even within an enlightened community."

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