[Solved] What is Fawazil? | Medieval Revenue Terms | Concept & Explanation

Fawazil in the Sultanate period meant-

[UPSC CSE Prelims 1998]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

The Iqta system was designed to allow the state to collect revenue through intermediaries (Iqtadars) who maintained military contingents while ensuring the central treasury received its share.

Authentic Source Evidence

Satish Chandra explains that after deducting administrative and military expenses, Iqtadars were required to remit the surplus balance (Fawazil) to the central Diwan-i-Wizarat.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Fawazil was a tool for centralization. It ensured that Iqtadars did not become too wealthy or independent by hoarding local revenue.

Logic 2: The calculation of Fawazil required rigorous auditing of accounts at the central treasury to prevent embezzlement by the Muqtis/Iqtadars.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"How did the calculation of Fawazil change under Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq?"

He adopted a more lenient policy, allowing Iqtadars to keep a small percentage of the surplus (around 5-10%) to encourage better collection and loyalty.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The state's ability to extract 'Fawazil' was a direct indicator of the Sultan's central authority over his provincial governors."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Iqta system 2 Diwan-i-Wizarat 3 Muqti 4

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