[Solved] What is Haqq-i-Sharb? | Firuz Tughluq Irrigation

Who was the first Sultan of Delhi to have levied 'Haqq-i-Sharb' or irrigation tax?

[U.P.P.C.S. Mains 2010]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Firuz Shah Tughluq's extensive canal system required a dedicated revenue stream for maintenance. He introduced a specific tax for farmers who utilized state-provided water.

Authentic Source Evidence

Historical chronicles state that Firuz Shah Tughluq, after consulting the Ulema, levied 'Haqq-i-Sharb', which was fixed at one-tenth of the agricultural produce.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: This was the first systematic irrigation tax in the Sultanate, reflecting the state's investment in agricultural infrastructure.

Logic 2: The revenue was used to maintain the canals and ensure that the irrigation system remained functional for the long term.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"Why did Firuz Shah consult the Ulema before levying this tax?"

To ensure that the new tax was religiously permissible and not considered an illegal exaction outside of Islamic law.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"Haqq-i-Sharb represents one of the earliest examples of a 'user-fee' for state-provided utility services in India."

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