State Patronage in Mughal India

What is Madad-i-Maash? Mughal Revenue-Free Grants

In the Mughal Empire, 'Madad-i-Maash' was a system of granting revenue-free land to scholars, religious divines, and the needy. This provided them with a permanent source of livelihood without state taxation.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII: Themes in Indian History - Part II

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'Madad-i-Mash' indicates in Mughal administration-

[46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


To promote culture and maintain religious support, the Mughal state set aside a portion of its land revenue specifically for the upkeep of the intellectual and spiritual elite.

Authentic Source Evidence


Madad-i-Maash (also called Suyurghal) refers to revenue-free land grants given to learned persons, scholars, and religious figures. The grantees were allowed to keep the entire income from the land for their maintenance, and in return, they were expected to pray for the empire's stability.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: These grants were often hereditary and served as a welfare system for the empire's educated class.

  • Logic 2: These lands were excluded from the 'Khalisa' (crown lands) and 'Jagir' (official assignments) categories.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Who managed the distribution of Madad-i-Maash?"

    The 'Sadr-us-Sudur', the high official in charge of religious and charitable endowments, oversaw these grants.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Madad-i-Maash created a loyal class of rural intellectuals who had a direct stake in the survival of the Mughal state."

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