Sufism in India

Naqshbandi: The Most Orthodox Sufi Order Explained

The Naqshbandi order is considered the most orthodox Sufi silsila. It emphasized silent meditation, strict adherence to Sharia, and rejection of music in spiritual practice.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part II

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The most orthodox Sufi order was-

[Jharkhand P.C.S. Prelims 2016]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


While many Sufi orders were syncretic and flexible, the Naqshbandi Silsila emerged as a champion of Islamic orthodoxy and strict adherence to the Sharia.

Authentic Source Evidence


Founded by Baha-ud-Din Naqshband, this order rejected the music and dance (Sama) of the Chishtis, preferring 'Zikr-i-Khafi' (silent remembrance). In India, it was further radicalized by Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi against the liberal policies of Akbar.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Option C is correct. The Naqshbandis prioritized the literal interpretation of Islamic law over mystical ecstasy.

  • Logic 2: They opposed the veneration of graves and shrines, considering them 'bidat' (innovations) that deviated from pure Islam.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did the Naqshbandi order influence Indian politics?"

    It acted as a conservative check on Mughal rulers, advocating for the state to be governed strictly according to Islamic law.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The Naqshbandi order shows that Sufism was not a monolithic movement of peace and poetry; it included rigorous intellectual and legalistic streams as well."

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