[Solved] Pavarana Ceremony: Buddhist Monk Confession Ritual

In ancient Indian Buddhist monasteries, a ceremony called Pavarana used to be held. It was the:

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2002]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Monastic discipline in Buddhism required periodic purification through the admission of faults and the seeking of forgiveness from the community.

Authentic Source Evidence

Pavarana is held at the end of the 'Vassa' (rainy season retreat). Monks invite one another to point out any seen, heard, or suspected transgressions of the monastic code (Vinaya).

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option B is the correct definition. The ceremony ensures harmony and purity within the Sangha after a period of prolonged co-habitation.

Logic 2: Option C describes 'Pabbajja' (initiation). Option D describes the start of the 'Vassa' (Rainy season retreat), not its conclusion ceremony.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"What is the purpose of confession in the Sangha?"

It serves to cleanse the mind of guilt, restore ethical integrity, and maintain communal harmony among the monks.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The Pavarana ceremony highlights the democratic and self-correcting nature of the early Buddhist Sangha."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Vinaya Pitaka 3

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