Mauryan Art

Sarnath Pillar: The Lion Capital of Ashoka

The Sarnath Pillar was built by Emperor Ashoka to mark the site of the Buddha's first sermon; its Lion Capital is the national emblem of India.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XI - An Introduction to Indian Art

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Sarnath Pillar was built by-

[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2008]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Ashokan pillars are monolithic masterpieces that served as markers of sacred sites and tools for disseminating imperial law.

Authentic Source Evidence


Built by Emperor Ashoka in 250 BCE, the Sarnath Pillar marks the site of Buddha's first sermon. It is topped by the Lion Capital, featuring four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back, symbolizing the spread of Dhamma in four directions.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: While Buddha gave the sermon at Sarnath, the stone monument commemorating it was built by Ashoka centuries later.

  • Logic 2: The pillar is carved from a single block of Chunar sandstone and is famous for its high Mauryan polish.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What four animals are depicted on the abacus of the Lion Capital?"

    The Lion, Elephant, Bull, and Horse, separated by Dharma Chakras.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The Sarnath Capital is the most refined example of Mauryan sculptural art, blending indigenous animal motifs with symbolic power."

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