Rock-cut Temple Traditions

Elephanta Caves: Predominantly Shaivite Ancient Monuments

The ancient monuments of Elephanta are predominantly Shaivite, featuring world-famous sculptures like the Trimurti Sadashiva.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XI - An Introduction to Indian Art

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The ancient monuments of Elephanta are mostly-
1. Buddhist
2. Jain
3. Shaivite
4. Vaishnavite
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Elephanta represents the maturity of Hindu rock-cut art, specifically focusing on the cosmic aspects of Shiva as both a serene teacher and a powerful destroyer.

Authentic Source Evidence


The Elephanta Caves (Gharapuri) are a collection of cave temples predominantly dedicated to Lord Shiva (Shaivism). The Great Cave (Cave 1) houses the famous 'Sadashiva' or Trimurti relief. While there are some small Buddhist stupas on the island, the monumental art is overwhelmingly Shaivite.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: The primary narrative panels—including Nataraja, Ardhanarishwara, and Gangadhara—are all centered on Shaivite mythology.

  • Logic 2: The scale and complexity of the Shaivite carvings dwarf the minor Buddhist remains on the island, making the site primarily a Shaivite sanctuary.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What does the 'Sadashiva' image in Elephanta represent?"

    It represents the three aspects of Shiva: the Creator (Vamadeva), the Preserver (Tatpurusha), and the Destroyer (Aghora).

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Elephanta’s art is a visual manifestation of the Puranic philosophy where Shiva is seen as the Absolute, encompasssing all creative and destructive forces."

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