Temple Architecture and History

History of Somnath Temple | Jyotirlinga and Al-Biruni

Somnath Temple is a Jyotirlinga shrine described by Al-Biruni. Its modern installation (Pran Pratistha) was performed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad in 1951.

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Which of the following statements are correct regarding Somnath Temple?
1. Somnath Temple is one of the Jyotirlinga shrines.
2. A description of Somnath Temple was given by Al-Biruni.
3. Pran Pratistha of Somnath Temple (installation of the present-day temple) was done by President S. Radhakrishnan.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

[UPSC CSE Pre 2022]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Somnath Temple is a symbol of Indian architectural resilience, having been destroyed and rebuilt multiple times throughout history.

Authentic Source Evidence


Somnath is recognized as the first of the twelve Jyotirlingas. Al-Biruni, the Persian scholar, wrote a detailed account of the temple's wealth and significance in the 11th century. The modern reconstruction was spearheaded by Sardar Patel, but the Pran-Pratistha ceremony in 1951 was performed by the first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Statement 1 is correct; it is the first Jyotirlinga shrine.

  • Logic 2: Statement 2 is correct; Al-Biruni's accounts are well-documented historical sources for this temple.

  • Logic 3: Statement 3 is incorrect because the ceremony was performed by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, not S. Radhakrishnan.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Why is Somnath often referred to as the 'Eternal Shrine'?"

    Due to its repeated reconstruction after numerous destructions, symbolizing the endurance of Indian culture.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The history of Somnath is as much about political shifts and invasions as it is about religious devotion and national identity."

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