[Solved] Atom Theory in Indian Philosophy: Vaisheshika School

Which of the following philosophies of India propounded the atom theory?

[66th B.P.S.C. Prelims 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Vaisheshika is a school of 'Atomistic Pluralism' that attempts to explain the entire physical universe by analyzing it into distinct categories and indivisible particles.

Authentic Source Evidence

Founded by Sage Kanada, this school posits that all physical objects are made of Parmanu (atoms), which are eternal and indestructible. These atoms combine under the influence of an unseen force (Adrishta) to form the material world.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option D is correct. It is the most 'scientific' and realistic of the orthodox schools, focusing on physics and metaphysics.

Logic 2: Nyaya (B) is primarily focused on logic and epistemology, though it later merged with Vaisheshika to form a unified system.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"Who is credited with the first theory of atoms in India?"

Sage Kanada, the founder of the Vaisheshika school, who named the smallest particle 'Parmanu'.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"Vaisheshika atomism differs from Greek atomism by suggesting that atoms are not just material but also carry spiritual qualities and are guided by a moral law."

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