South Indian Bhakti Traditions

Karaikkal Ammaiyar: Devotee of Shiva or Vishnu?

Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a devotee of Lord Shiva and one of the 63 Nayanar saints. She is not a devotee of Vishnu, as those saints are known as Alvars.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part II

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Which one of the following statements about the Bhakti Movement in South India is NOT correct?

[CAPF 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The Bhakti movement in South India was divided between the Alvars (Vishnu devotees) and the Nayanars (Shiva devotees).

Authentic Source Evidence


Karaikkal Ammaiyar was a famous female poet-saint and one of the 63 Nayanars. She renounced her social identity and requested Shiva to grant her the form of a demoness so she could watch his cosmic dance eternally.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Option C is incorrect (the 'NOT correct' answer). She was a devotee of Shiva, not Vishnu.

  • Logic 2: Option A is correct; the Nalayira Divyaprabandham is indeed hailed as the Tamil Veda. Option B is correct; Andal was the only female Alvar. Option D is correct; the Chola kings famously cast bronze images of Nayanars for temple worship.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did Nayanars and Alvars differ?"

    Alvars were 12 saints devoted to Vishnu, while Nayanars were 63 saints devoted to Shiva; both rejected caste rigidity through devotion.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Figures like Karaikkal Ammaiyar and Andal provided a powerful challenge to patriarchal norms by prioritizing spiritual devotion over familial and social obligations."

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