Mechanics and Impact of Martial Law

Evidence 1 and Inference 1 are contradictory. While there is no 'express' provision for its declaration, martial law is 'implicitly' recognized and governed by Article 34. The correct counterpart is its implicit constitutional existence. Evidence 2 and Inference 2 are coherent. Article 34 explicitly protects indemnified acts from being challenged on the grounds of contravening Fundamental Rights. Evidence 3 and Inference 3 are contradictory. Martial law only affects Fundamental Rights; it does NOT alter revenue distribution or Centre-state relations (unlike a National Emergency). The correct counterpart is the preservation of federal financial structures.

The Assertion is correct. Martial law does not affect parliamentary tenure or state assemblies. Reason (R1) is true and correctly explains the assertion. It targets civil liberties, not federal structures. Reason (R2) is factually false. Martial law and National Emergency are distinctly different constitutional concepts with vastly different consequences. The correct counterpart is the clear distinction between the two regimes.

Statement 1 is incorrect. It fails on both constitutional principles. Statement 2 is incorrect. Martial law does NOT alter revenue distribution. Statement 3 is correct. An Act of Indemnity cannot be challenged on FR grounds (defeating the Art 21 argument), and martial law does not affect federal revenue sharing (defeating the tax argument).

Statement 1 is incorrect. There is no express provision for its declaration; it is merely implicit in Art 34. The correct counterpart is the lack of an explicit declaration procedure. Statement 2 is correct. Parliament can pass an Act of Indemnity. Statement 3 is correct. Indemnified acts cannot be challenged on FR grounds. Statement 4 is incorrect. Martial law does not affect the Centre-state legislative division; only a National Emergency does. The correct counterpart is the preservation of federal legislative boundaries. Thus, exactly two statements are correct.