Centralization of Part III Enforcement

Evidence 1 and Inference 1 are coherent. To achieve uniformity, Article 35 centralizes the penal power in Parliament, denying it to the states. Evidence 2 and Inference 2 are contradictory. State Legislatures have absolutely ZERO power to prescribe punishments for acts declared offenses under Fundamental Rights (like Art 17). The correct counterpart is the explicit denial of state authority over Part III penalties. Evidence 3 and Inference 3 are coherent. Article 35 specifically empowers Parliament to override the State List if the legislation is necessary to enforce a Fundamental Right.

The Assertion is correct. Parliament can override the State List to enforce Part III. Reason (R1) is true and explains the assertion. Article 35 is designed exactly for this overriding purpose to ensure national uniformity. Reason (R2) is factually false. State Assemblies are explicitly forbidden from making these penal laws. The correct counterpart is the centralized nature of Part III enforcement.

Statement 1 is incorrect. While criminal law is generally concurrent, Article 35 explicitly carves out Fundamental Right offenses, centralizing them in Parliament. The correct counterpart is the exception created by Article 35. Statement 2 is correct. States have no legislative competence to penalize acts declared offenses under Fundamental Rights. Statement 3 is incorrect. Article 35 prohibits states from legislating punishments for BOTH untouchability (Art 17) and forced labor (Art 23).

Statement 1 is correct. Uniformity is the core objective of Art 35. Statement 2 is incorrect. States are explicitly denied this power. The correct counterpart is the prohibition on state penal laws for Part III. Statement 3 is incorrect. Article 35 does the exact opposite; it EXTENDS Parliament's competence to override the State List for FR enforcement. The correct counterpart is the expansion of parliamentary competence. Statement 4 is correct. Art 23 offenses are penalized solely by Parliament via Art 35. Thus, exactly two statements are correct.