Sultanate Power Struggles

Who destroyed the Turkan-i-Chihalgani? | Balban

Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban succeeded in breaking and destroying the power of the Turkan-i-Chihalgani to ensure the supremacy of the crown.

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Who among the following Sultans succeeded in finally breaking and destroying the power of Turkan-i-Chihalgani?

[UPSC CDS I 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The Turkan-i-Chihalgani (Corps of Forty) was an elite group of Turkish slave-nobles who had become 'king-makers' after the death of Iltutmish. Their power threatened the absolute authority of the crown.

Authentic Source Evidence


Balban (Ghiyasuddin Balban), who was himself once a member of the 'Forty', realized that the Sultan could not rule effectively while this oligarchy existed. He used his 'Blood and Iron' policy to systematically execute, poison, or sideline the families of the Turkan-i-Chihalgani.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Option B is correct. Balban permanently ended the collective rule of the Turkish elite to establish a centralized autocracy.

  • Logic 2: While Iltutmish (A) created the group for stability, it was Balban (B) who recognized it as a liability and destroyed it.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Why did Balban view the Chahalgani as a threat?"

    They were too powerful and arrogant, often treating the Sultan as an equal and frequently plotting to replace weak monarchs with puppets.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The destruction of the Chahalgani allowed for the transition from an oligarchic military state to an absolute monarchy."

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