Classical Indian Sculpture

Mahaparinirvana and Arjuna's Penance Sculptures | UPSC

Buddha's Mahaparinirvana is at Ajanta and Arjuna's Penance is at Mamallapuram. The Varaha image is at Mamallapuram, not Mount Abu.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XI - An Introduction to Indian Art

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Consider the following pairs : Famous work of Sculpture Site
1. A grand image of Buddha's Mahaparinirvana - Ajanta
2. A huge image of Varaha Avatar of Vishnu - Mount Abu
3. 'Arjuna's Penance'/ 'Descent of Ganga' - Mamallapuram
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

[UPSC CSE Pre 2014]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Indian classical sculpture is often integrated into architectural contexts, such as cave walls or massive rock reliefs, depicting profound religious narratives.

Authentic Source Evidence


Buddha's Mahaparinirvana is a famous colossal sculpture in Ajanta Cave 26. Arjuna's Penance (or Descent of the Ganga) is a massive open-air bas-relief at Mamallapuram. The Varaha Avatar of Vishnu rescuing Goddess Earth is also a prominent rock-cut relief at Mamallapuram (Varaha Cave), not Mount Abu.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Pair 1 is correct (Ajanta Cave 26). Pair 3 is correct (Mamallapuram).

  • Logic 2: Pair 2 is incorrect because the specific rock-cut Varaha mentioned is at Mamallapuram, while Mount Abu is famous for Dilwara marble temples.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What is the alternative name for the 'Arjuna's Penance' relief?"

    Descent of the Ganga.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Large-scale narrative reliefs in India served as public 'visual scriptures' for devotees and pilgrims."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Bas-relief 2Pallava Art 2
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