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Historical Geography

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Hampi is in Karnataka, Nagarjunakonda in Andhra Pradesh, Shishupalgarh in Odisha, and Arikamedu in Puducherry.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History

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Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-IList-II
A. Hampi1. Puducherry
B. Nagarjunakonda2. Karnataka
C. Shishupalgarh3. Andhra Pradesh
D. Arikamedu4. Odisha

[UPPCS (Mains) 2014]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


India's historical sites represent diverse eras, from early trade ports to medieval imperial capitals, distributed across modern linguistic states.

Authentic Source Evidence


  • Hampi (Karnataka): The capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.

  • Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh): An island site in the Krishna river, formerly a major Buddhist center.

  • Shishupalgarh (Odisha): An ancient fortified city identified with Kalinganagara.

  • Arikamedu (Puducherry): A major Indo-Roman trading port.

    • Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Matching A-2 and D-1 is the most efficient way to solve this, as Hampi and Arikamedu are uniquely tied to Karnataka and Puducherry respectively.

  • Logic 2: Nagarjunakonda's location in the Guntur district confirms its tie to Andhra Pradesh.

    • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "Which site is famous for Indo-Roman trade artifacts?"

    Arikamedu, where Roman amphorae and glassware have been discovered.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "These sites serve as physical markers for the shift from coastal maritime trade in the south to imperial inland fortification in the Deccan and east."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Indo-Roman Trade 5Vijayanagara 2
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