Buddhism - Mahayana Philosophy

What are Paramitas in Buddhism? Path to Bodhisattva

The term 'paramitas' refers to spiritual perfections or virtues in Mahayana Buddhism. Attaining these perfections is essential for following the path of a Bodhisattva.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part I

Archived: 2020

Updated: 6 Jun 2026

Exam Year

2020

Evidence Source

Link ↗

With reference to the cultural history of India, which one of the following is the correct description of the term 'paramitas'?

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

'Paramita' is a Sanskrit term meaning 'perfection' or 'completeness'. In Mahayana Buddhism, it refers to the spiritual virtues cultivated by a Bodhisattva.

Authentic Source Evidence

Mahayana tradition lists six (or ten) paramitas: Dana (Generosity), Sila (Morality), Kshanti (Patience), Virya (Energy), Dhyana (Meditation), and Prajna (Wisdom).

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option C is correct as the paramitas are the essential qualities a practitioner must perfect to transition from an ordinary being to a Bodhisattva.

Logic 2: Option A describes Sutras. Option B describes Heterodox (Nastika) schools. Option D refers to guilds like Manigramam or Ayyavole.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"Why is 'Prajna' considered the most important Paramita?"

Prajna (Wisdom) is the realization of emptiness (Sunyata) that allows the other five virtues to be practiced without ego or attachment.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The Paramitas represent the shift from the individual liberation (Arhat) of Hinayana to the universal altruism of the Mahayana Bodhisattva."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Bodhisattva 3Sunyata 3

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