Jaina Canonical History

Jaina Literature: Shvetambara Canon & 12 Angas

The Shvetambara Jain canon includes the 12 Angas. These were first compiled during the council at Pataliputra, not Vallabhi.

Primary Reference: Standard Educational Reference

Archived:

Updated:

Read the following statements related to Jaina Literature and choose the appropriate option:
Statement I: The Shvetambara Canon included the 12 Angas.
Statement II: According to Shvetambara tradition, the Angas were compiled at a council held at Vallabhi.

[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. Prelims 2020]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


The preservation of Jaina teachings (Agamas) led to the formation of a formal canon, which remains a point of historical contention between sects.

Authentic Source Evidence


Statement I is true. The 12 Angas form the core of the Shvetambara scripture. Statement II is false because Shvetambara tradition holds that the first formal compilation of the Angas took place at the First Jain Council in Pataliputra (3rd century BCE). The council at Vallabhi (5th century CE) was the final stage of redaction and writing down of the entire canon.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Pataliputra was the site where the 'extinct' teachings were reconstructed after a great famine.

  • Logic 2: Digambaras reject these Angas, claiming the original teachings were lost forever.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What is the subject matter of the 12 Angas?"

    They cover Jain doctrines, codes of conduct for monks, parables, and refutations of other philosophies.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "The compilation of the canon was a survival mechanism for Jainism during periods of migration and potential loss of oral tradition."

    Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

    Analysing authentic Chhattisgarh P.C.S. Prelimsprevious year questions is non-negotiable for serious aspirants. Thoroughly decoding past exam trends related to Jaina Canonical History helps you understand the examiner's mindset. Mastering specific entities like Shvetambara canon and 12 Angas builds the analytical intuition needed to clear the exam. Practice Previous Year Questions here →

    UPSC Question Bank | Verified
    Live Archive Status