Why were the Panis viewed negatively in Rigvedic hymns?

They were seen as wealthy cattle-owners who refused to give gifts to the priests or perform sacrifices, leading to frequent conflicts over resources.

Rigvedic Society and Economy

UPSC Archival Analysis

Q: The Rigvedic 'Pani' belong to which class of citizens?

In the Rigvedic period, 'Pani' referred to the trader or merchant class. They were wealthy citizens involved in trade and usury, often characterized as non-sacrificing rivals of the Aryans.

Exam Year

2019

Evidence Source

Link

ID: ART_MIS_2019_70 Ref: Our Pasts - I