[Solved] Sulh-i-Kul: Akbar's Policy of Universal Peace

Sulh-i-Kul: Akbar's Policy of Universal Peace

Sulh-i-Kul was Akbar's policy of 'universal peace,' resulting from his religious tolerance, political generosity, and liberal cultural outlook. It promoted harmony among all faiths in the Mughal Empire.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part II

Archived: 1998

Updated: 19 Apr 2026

The concept of 'Sulh-i-Kul' (universal peace and fraternity) adopted by Akbar was the result of:

[U.P.P.C.S. Prelims 1998]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Sulh-i-Kul (Peace with all) was the state ideology of the Mughal Empire under Akbar, aimed at creating a harmonious, multi-religious society.

Authentic Source Evidence

As documented by Abu'l-Fazl, Sulh-i-Kul required the Emperor to maintain balance between all religious and social groups. This was manifested through the abolition of Jizya, patronage of all arts, and the establishment of the Ibadat Khana.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Option D is correct. The policy was driven by political pragmatism (A) to unite a diverse empire, genuine personal spirituality (B), and a broad, intellectual interest in various cultures (C).

Logic 2: It shifted the Mughal state from a narrow religious identity to a more inclusive 'Indian' imperial identity.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"What was the practical impact of Sulh-i-Kul on Mughal administration?"

It allowed non-Muslims, particularly Rajputs, to join the highest levels of the Mansabdari system, strengthening the empire's foundation.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"Sulh-i-Kul represented a visionary attempt to establish secular governance in a deeply religious medieval world."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Ibadat Khana 6 Din-i-Ilahi 6

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