Which of the following statements about Temple Architecture are true? (i) The freestanding (mortar & stone) temples are supposed to have originated in the Gupta period. (ii) Ladkhan which is one of the earliest temple belongs to Chalukya of Badami. (iii) In Khajuraho temples, all the compartments of the temple are connected internally and externally. (iv) Kailashnath temple at Kanchi is the earliest freestanding temple of Dravid style. Choose the correct answer:

R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018

A. (i), (iii) & (iv)
B. (i) & (ii)
C. (i), (ii) & (iv)
D. (i), (ii) & (iii)

Answer: (i), (ii) & (iii)

Option d is the correct answer. Statement 1 is correct: Gupta period (4th-6th centuries CE) is considered as the golden age of Indian art and architecture, and it witnessed the emergence of the first freestanding stone temples in India. These temples were built in the Nagara style, which is characterized by a curvilinear tower (shikhara) over the sanctum, a pillared hall (mandapa), and a vestibule (antarala) connecting them. Some examples of Gupta temples are the Dashavatara temple at Deogarh, the Vishnu temple at Tigawa, and the Parvati temple at Nachna. Statement 2 is correct: Ladkhan temple is one of the oldest Hindu temples and is located in the group of monuments at Aihole in Karnataka. It was built by the Chalukya dynasty in the 6th century CE and dedicated to Shiva. The temple shows clear signs of following early timber models, such as a flat roof, wooden pillars, and lattice windows. Statement 3 is correct: In Khajuraho temples, all the compartments of the temple are connected internally and externally. Statement 4 is incorrect: Kailashnath temple at Kanchi is not the earliest freestanding temple of Dravid style. It is of stone built architecture unlike the rock cut architecture built into hallowed caves or carved into rock outcrops.

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