Option b is the correct answer. The Iqtadari system was actually introduced during the reign of Iltutmish, not Balban. The Iqtadari system was introduced by Muhammad of Ghori in 1206 and Iltutmish formalized and institutionalized the Iqtadari system as a method of land distribution and administration. Under this system, land tracts known as Iqtas were assigned to nobles, officers, and soldiers for revenue collection and governance. The holders of Iqtas, known as Iqtadars, were responsible for ensuring smooth administration in their assigned territories. Important Tips Facts about Balban Rule: Balban introduced the theory of "Niyabat-e-Khudai," portraying the king as God's representative on earth. According to the theory, Kings position was second only to that of a prophet. This ideology aimed to strengthen the monarchy's authority by elevating the king's position and diminishing the power of nobles. Balban believed that this divine connection would consolidate his rule and curb the influence of the nobility. Balban curtailed the influence of Turkan-eChahalgani, a group of forty Turkish nobles, by implementing the policy of "blood and iron." He displayed ruthless authority and executed severe punishments to establish his dominance. Additionally, he introduced Persian customs and traditions, enhancing the king's stature while diminishing the power of these nobles, thereby consolidating his control over the empire. Balban suppressed the Bengal revolt led by Tughral Tughan Khan in 1275. After initial failures with the armies, Balban himself led a third army, suge of recapturing the region. He defeated Tughra by forming control over Bengal. The son, Saeftuddin Bughra Khan also played a role, and Balban appointed his second son, Bughra Khan, as the new governor of Bengal.