Asokan Welfare State

Who built India's first hospitals? | Emperor Ashoka

The Mauryan Emperor Ashoka built India's first public hospitals and established state-maintained herbal gardens for medicinal plants.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class 11 - Ancient India (R.S. Sharma)

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India's first hospital and herbal gardens were built by?

[U.P. Lower Sub. Mains 2015]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


Ashoka’s transformation into a 'Dhamma' ruler included the provision of state-sponsored medical welfare for all living beings.

Authentic Source Evidence


In Major Rock Edict II, Ashoka records that he established medical treatment (Chikitsa) centers for both men and animals, and ordered the planting of medicinal herbs wherever they were missing.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Ashoka (A): The pioneer of the welfare state in India who prioritized health infrastructure.

  • Dhanvantari: A mythological deity/sage of medicine, but Ashoka is the historical ruler who 'built' these institutions.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "What was unique about Ashoka's medical policy?"

    It was 'universal', providing free medical facilities not only for human subjects but also for animals, reflecting his commitment to Ahimsa.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Ashoka's herbal gardens and hospitals were an early form of 'global health' initiatives, as he sent seeds and medical teams to neighboring kingdoms like Egypt and Greece."

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