Mughal Political Theology

Farr-i-Izadi: The Divine Light of Mughal Kingship

Farr-i-Izadi, meaning 'Divine Light,' was first developed by the Sufi philosopher Shihabuddin Suhrawardi. It later became the cornerstone of the Mughal theory of kingship.

Primary Reference: NCERT Class XII - Themes in Indian History Part II

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The idea of 'Farr-i-Izadi', on which the Mughal kingship was based, was first developed by which one of the following Sufi saints?

[CDS 2018 (I)]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept


'Farr-i-Izadi' (Divine Effulgence or Light) was the philosophical justification for the Mughal Emperor's absolute and sacred authority.

Authentic Source Evidence


The concept was first formulated by the famous Iranian Sufi philosopher Shihabuddin Suhrawardi (the master of Illuminationism). Abul Fazl later adapted this idea for Akbar, suggesting that the Emperor receives light directly from God.

Analytical Breakdown


  • Logic 1: Option A is correct. Suhrawardi's 'Ishraqi' (Illuminationist) philosophy was the source of this 'light-based' theory of sovereignty.

  • Logic 2: This theory elevated the King above all others, as he was seen as a vessel of divine light, making his rule part of a cosmic order.
  • Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

    "How did the Mughals use the idea of Farr-i-Izadi?"

    They used it to claim that the Emperor was the 'Shadow of God' (Zill-i Ilahi), possessing a divine radiance that placed him beyond ordinary religious hierarchies.

    Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

    "Farr-i-Izadi allowed the Mughals to justify an inclusive, absolute monarchy by suggesting the King's authority was granted by God, not by any specific religious community."

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