[Solved] Jain Doctrine: Karma, Penance and Soul Explained

Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine?
1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance.
2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.
3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[UPSC CSE Prelims 2013]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Jainism views the universe as a complex interaction between Jiva (soul) and Ajiva (non-soul), with Karma acting as a physical substance that weighs the soul down.

Authentic Source Evidence

Jaina texts explain that Karma is an 'asrava' (influx) of material particles that stick to the soul. Freeing the soul requires 'Samvara' (stopping the influx) and 'Nirjara' (wearing away existing karma).

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Statement 1 is correct. Austerity and penance (like Tapas) are seen as the fire that 'burns' away accumulated karma.

Logic 2: Statement 2 is correct. Jainism is unique in attributing souls (Jiva) to rocks, water, and even fire.

Logic 3: Statement 3 is correct. Karma is considered a pollutant that obscures the soul's natural omniscience (Kevala Jnana).

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"How does Jainism's view of Karma differ from other religions?"

In Jainism, Karma is viewed as a subtle material substance (Pudgala) that physically attaches to the soul, rather than just an abstract law of causality.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The necessity of penance in Jainism stems from this 'material' view of karma; just as dirt is scrubbed from a cloth, karma must be physically exhausted through asceticism."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Jiva and Ajiva 2 Kevala Jnana 2

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Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine?1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance.2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul.3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended.Select the correct answer using the codes given below: