[Solved] Buddhism and Jainism Similarities: A Detailed Guide

Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?
1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment.
2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas.
3. Denial of efficiency of rituals.
4. Non-injury to animal life. Select the answer using the code given below:

[UPSC CSE Prelims 1996]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

Buddhism and Jainism were contemporary heterodox movements that arose in the Gangetic valley as alternatives to the ritualistic Brahminical religion.

Authentic Source Evidence

Both religions were founded by Kshatriya princes who rejected the divine authority of the Vedas and the utility of expensive animal sacrifices. Both prioritized ethical conduct (Ahimsa) over ritual practice.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Statements 2, 3, and 4 are commonalities. Both rejected Vedas, rituals, and promoted non-violence.

Logic 2: Statement 1 is a difference. Buddhism promoted the 'Middle Path', while Jainism insisted on extreme penance (tapas) and self-mortification.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"What was the 'Middle Path' in Buddhism?"

It was the avoidance of both extreme self-indulgence and extreme self-mortification, seeking a balanced life for meditation.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The success of these religions lay in their shared focus on individual morality and social equality, which challenged the hereditary hierarchy of the time."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Ahimsa 10 Middle Path 4 Vedic Rituals 3

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Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism?1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment.2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas.3. Denial of efficiency of rituals.4. Non-injury to animal life. Select the answer using the code given below: