[Solved] Basavanna and the Rise of the Lingayat Movement

Consider the following statements:
Statement I: The 12th century witnessed the emergence of a new movement in Karnataka led by a Brahmana named Basavanna.
Statement II: The Lingayats worshipped Shiva in his manifestation as a Linga.
Select the correct code:

[CDS 2014 (II)]

Detailed Solution & Historical Context

Concept

The Virashaiva or Lingayat movement was a radical social and religious rebellion against the traditional caste hierarchy and ritualistic Brahminism.

Authentic Source Evidence

Basavanna, a minister in the court of the Kalachuri king Bijjala II, led this movement. The followers are called Lingayats (wearers of the linga) because they carry a small stone linga in a silver casket around their neck.

Analytical Breakdown

Logic 1: Statement I is true. Basavanna was a Brahmin by birth who rejected his caste background to found the movement.

Logic 2: Statement II is true. The Linga is the primary symbol of their devotion to Shiva.

Logic 3: Statement II does not explain why the movement emerged (Statement I). The movement emerged due to social inequality and the need for a personal, ethical spiritual path, not simply because of the form of worship.

Conceptual Deep Dive & Logic

"What was Basavanna's primary method of social reform?"

He established the Anubhava Mantapa, a spiritual parliament where people of all castes could discuss philosophy and social equality.

Examiner's Mindset & Pro-Tip

"The Lingayat movement was revolutionary because it sanctioned practices prohibited by the Dharmashastras, such as widow remarriage and post-puberty marriage."

Topic Clusters (click to see related topic questions)

Virashaivism 2 Vachanas 3 Anubhava Mantapa 2

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Consider the following statements:Statement I: The 12th century witnessed the emergence of a new movement in Karnataka led by a Brahmana named Basavanna.Statement II: The Lingayats worshipped Shiva in his manifestation as a Linga.Select the correct code: